Standard library header <algorithm>

 

C++

Language

Standard Library Headers

Freestanding and hosted implementations

Named requirements

Language support library

Concepts library (C++20)

Diagnostics library

Utilities library

Strings library

Containers library

Iterators library

Ranges library (C++20)

Algorithms library

Numerics library

Input/output library

Localizations library

Regular expressions library (C++11)

Atomic operations library (C++11)

Thread support library (C++11)

Filesystem library (C++17)

Technical Specifications

 

Standard Library headers

Language Support
<cstddef> <limits> <climits> <contract>	<cfloat> <cstdint> <new> <version>	<typeinfo> <exception> <initializer_list>	<csignal> <csetjmp> <cstdarg>
Concepts
<concepts>
Diagnostics
<stdexcept>	<cassert>	<cerrno>	<system_error>
General utilities
<utility> <memory> <memory_resource> <scoped_allocator>     <compare>	<bitset> <tuple> <optional> <any> <variant>	<type_traits> <ratio> <chrono> <typeindex> <functional>	<ctime> <cstdlib>
Strings
<string> <string_view>	<cctype> <cwctype>	<cwchar> <cuchar>	<cstring> <charconv>
Localization
<locale>	<codecvt>	<clocale>
Containers
<span> <array> <vector>	<deque> <forward_list> <list>	<map> <set> <queue>	<unordered_map> <unordered_set> <stack>
Iterators
<iterator>
Ranges
<ranges>
Algorithms
<algorithm>	<execution>
Numerics
<complex> <random>	<valarray> <numeric>	<cfenv> <cmath>	<bit>
Input/Output
<iosfwd> <ios> <iomanip> <streambuf>	<istream> <ostream> <iostream>	<sstream> <fstream> <syncstream>	<cstdio> <cinttypes> <strstream>
Regular expressions
<regex>
Filesystem support
<filesystem>
Thread support
<thread> <atomic>	<mutex> <shared_mutex>	<condition_variable> <future>
C compatibility
<ciso646> <cstdalign>	<cstdbool> <ccomplex>	<ctgmath>

 

This header is part of the algorithm library.

Functions

Non-modifying sequence operations
all_ofany_ofnone_of (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)	checks if a predicate is true for all, any or none of the elements in a range (function template)
for_each	applies a function to a range of elements (function template)
for_each_n (C++17)	applies a function object to the first n elements of a sequence (function template)
countcount_if	returns the number of elements satisfying specific criteria (function template)
mismatch	finds the first position where two ranges differ (function template)
findfind_iffind_if_not (C++11)	finds the first element satisfying specific criteria (function template)
find_end	finds the last sequence of elements in a certain range (function template)
find_first_of	searches for any one of a set of elements (function template)
adjacent_find	finds the first two adjacent items that are equal (or satisfy a given predicate) (function template)
search	searches for a range of elements (function template)
search_n	searches a range for a number of consecutive copies of an element (function template)
Modifying sequence operations
copycopy_if (C++11)	copies a range of elements to a new location (function template)
copy_n (C++11)	copies a number of elements to a new location (function template)
copy_backward	copies a range of elements in backwards order (function template)
move (C++11)	moves a range of elements to a new location (function template)
move_backward (C++11)	moves a range of elements to a new location in backwards order (function template)
fill	copy-assigns the given value to every element in a range (function template)
fill_n	copy-assigns the given value to N elements in a range (function template)
transform	applies a function to a range of elements (function template)
generate	assigns the results of successive function calls to every element in a range (function template)
generate_n	assigns the results of successive function calls to N elements in a range (function template)
removeremove_if	removes elements satisfying specific criteria (function template)
remove_copyremove_copy_if	copies a range of elements omitting those that satisfy specific criteria (function template)
replacereplace_if	replaces all values satisfying specific criteria with another value (function template)
replace_copyreplace_copy_if	copies a range, replacing elements satisfying specific criteria with another value (function template)
swap	swaps the values of two objects (function template)
swap_ranges	swaps two ranges of elements (function template)
iter_swap	swaps the elements pointed to by two iterators (function template)
reverse	reverses the order of elements in a range (function template)
reverse_copy	creates a copy of a range that is reversed (function template)
rotate	rotates the order of elements in a range (function template)
rotate_copy	copies and rotate a range of elements (function template)
shift_leftshift_right (C++20)	shifts elements in a range (function template)
random_shuffleshuffle (until C++17)(C++11)	randomly re-orders elements in a range (function template)
sample (C++17)	selects n random elements from a sequence (function template)
unique	removes consecutive duplicate elements in a range (function template)
unique_copy	creates a copy of some range of elements that contains no consecutive duplicates (function template)
Partitioning operations
is_partitioned (C++11)	determines if the range is partitioned by the given predicate (function template)
partition	divides a range of elements into two groups (function template)
partition_copy (C++11)	copies a range dividing the elements into two groups (function template)
stable_partition	divides elements into two groups while preserving their relative order (function template)
partition_point (C++11)	locates the partition point of a partitioned range (function template)
Sorting operations
is_sorted (C++11)	checks whether a range is sorted into ascending order (function template)
is_sorted_until (C++11)	finds the largest sorted subrange (function template)
sort	sorts a range into ascending order (function template)
partial_sort	sorts the first N elements of a range (function template)
partial_sort_copy	copies and partially sorts a range of elements (function template)
stable_sort	sorts a range of elements while preserving order between equal elements (function template)
nth_element	partially sorts the given range making sure that it is partitioned by the given element (function template)
Binary search operations (on sorted ranges)
lower_bound	returns an iterator to the first element not less than the given value (function template)
upper_bound	returns an iterator to the first element greater than a certain value (function template)
binary_search	determines if an element exists in a certain range (function template)
equal_range	returns range of elements matching a specific key (function template)
Other operations on sorted ranges
merge	merges two sorted ranges (function template)
inplace_merge	merges two ordered ranges in-place (function template)
Set operations (on sorted ranges)
includes	returns true if one set is a subset of another (function template)
set_difference	computes the difference between two sets (function template)
set_intersection	computes the intersection of two sets (function template)
set_symmetric_difference	computes the symmetric difference between two sets (function template)
set_union	computes the union of two sets (function template)
Heap operations
is_heap (C++11)	checks if the given range is a max heap (function template)
is_heap_until (C++11)	finds the largest subrange that is a max heap (function template)
make_heap	creates a max heap out of a range of elements (function template)
push_heap	adds an element to a max heap (function template)
pop_heap	removes the largest element from a max heap (function template)
sort_heap	turns a max heap into a range of elements sorted in ascending order (function template)
Minimum/maximum operations
max	returns the greater of the given values (function template)
max_element	returns the largest element in a range (function template)
min	returns the smaller of the given values (function template)
min_element	returns the smallest element in a range (function template)
minmax (C++11)	returns the smaller and larger of two elements (function template)
minmax_element (C++11)	returns the smallest and the largest elements in a range (function template)
clamp (C++17)	clamps a value between a pair of boundary values (function template)
Comparison operations
equal	determines if two sets of elements are the same (function template)
lexicographical_compare	returns true if one range is lexicographically less than another (function template)
compare_3way (C++20)	compares two values using three-way comparison (function template)
lexicographical_compare_3way (C++20)	compares two ranges using three-way comparison (function template)
Permutation operations
is_permutation (C++11)	determines if a sequence is a permutation of another sequence (function template)
next_permutation	generates the next greater lexicographic permutation of a range of elements (function template)
prev_permutation	generates the next smaller lexicographic permutation of a range of elements (function template)

Synopsis

#include <initializer_list>
namespace std
{
    // non-modifying sequence operations:
    template <class InputIterator, class Predicate>
        bool all_of(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, Predicate pred);
    template <class InputIterator, class Predicate>
        bool any_of(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, Predicate pred);
    template <class InputIterator, class Predicate>
        bool none_of(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, Predicate pred);
 
    template<class InputIterator, class Function>
        Function for_each(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, Function f);
 
    template<class InputIterator, class Size, class UnaryFunction>
        InputIterator for_each_n(InputIterator first, Size n, UnaryFunction f);
 
    template<class InputIterator, class T>
        InputIterator find(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
                           const T& value);
    template<class InputIterator, class Predicate>
        InputIterator find_if(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
                              Predicate pred);
    template<class InputIterator, class Predicate>
        InputIterator find_if_not(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
                                  Predicate pred);
 
    template<class ForwardIterator1, class ForwardIterator2>
        ForwardIterator1
        find_end(ForwardIterator1 first1, ForwardIterator1 last1,
                 ForwardIterator2 first2, ForwardIterator2 last2);
    template<class ForwardIterator1, class ForwardIterator2,
             class BinaryPredicate>
        ForwardIterator1
        find_end(ForwardIterator1 first1, ForwardIterator1 last1,
                 ForwardIterator2 first2, ForwardIterator2 last2,
                 BinaryPredicate pred);
 
    template<class InputIterator, class ForwardIterator>
        InputIterator
        find_first_of(InputIterator first1, InputIterator last1,
                      ForwardIterator first2, ForwardIterator last2);
    template<class InputIterator, class ForwardIterator,
             class BinaryPredicate>
        InputIterator
        find_first_of(InputIterator first1, InputIterator last1,
                      ForwardIterator first2, ForwardIterator last2,
                      BinaryPredicate pred);
 
    template<class ForwardIterator>
        ForwardIterator adjacent_find(ForwardIterator first,
                                      ForwardIterator last);
    template<class ForwardIterator, class BinaryPredicate>
        ForwardIterator adjacent_find(ForwardIterator first,
                                      ForwardIterator last,
                                      BinaryPredicate pred);
    template<class InputIterator, class T>
        typename iterator_traits<InputIterator>::difference_type
        count(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, const T& value);
    template<class InputIterator, class Predicate>
        typename iterator_traits<InputIterator>::difference_type
        count_if(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, Predicate pred);
 
    template<class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2>
        pair<InputIterator1, InputIterator2>
        mismatch(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
                 InputIterator2 first2);
    template<class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class BinaryPredicate>
        pair<InputIterator1, InputIterator2>
        mismatch(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
                 InputIterator2 first2, BinaryPredicate pred);
 
    template<class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2>
        bool equal(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
                   InputIterator2 first2);
    template<class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class BinaryPredicate>
        bool equal(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
                   InputIterator2 first2, BinaryPredicate pred);
 
    template<class ForwardIterator1, class ForwardIterator2>
        bool is_permutation(ForwardIterator1 first1, ForwardIterator1 last1,
                            ForwardIterator2 first2);
    template<class ForwardIterator1, class ForwardIterator2,
    class BinaryPredicate>
        bool is_permutation(ForwardIterator1 first1, ForwardIterator1 last1,
                            ForwardIterator2 first2, BinaryPredicate pred);
 
    template<class ForwardIterator1, class ForwardIterator2>
        ForwardIterator1 search(
            ForwardIterator1 first1, ForwardIterator1 last1,
            ForwardIterator2 first2, ForwardIterator2 last2);
    template<class ForwardIterator1, class ForwardIterator2,
             class BinaryPredicate>
        ForwardIterator1 search(
            ForwardIterator1 first1, ForwardIterator1 last1,
            ForwardIterator2 first2, ForwardIterator2 last2,
            BinaryPredicate pred);
 
    template<class ForwardIterator, class Size, class T>
        ForwardIterator search_n(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last,
                                 Size count, const T& value);
    template<class ForwardIterator, class Size, class T, class BinaryPredicate>
        ForwardIterator search_n(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last,
                                  Size count, const T& value,
                                  BinaryPredicate pred);
 
    // modifying sequence operations:
 
    // copy:
    template<class InputIterator, class OutputIterator>
        OutputIterator copy(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
                            OutputIterator result);
    template<class InputIterator, class Size, class OutputIterator>
        OutputIterator copy_n(InputIterator first, Size n,
                              OutputIterator result);
    template<class InputIterator, class OutputIterator, class Predicate>
        OutputIterator copy_if(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
                               OutputIterator result, Predicate pred);
    template<class BidirectionalIterator1, class BidirectionalIterator2>
        BidirectionalIterator2 copy_backward(
            BidirectionalIterator1 first, BidirectionalIterator1 last,
            BidirectionalIterator2 result);
 
    // move:
    template<class InputIterator, class OutputIterator>
        OutputIterator move(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
                            OutputIterator result);
    template<class BidirectionalIterator1, class BidirectionalIterator2>
        BidirectionalIterator2 move_backward(
            BidirectionalIterator1 first, BidirectionalIterator1 last,
            BidirectionalIterator2 result);
 
    // swap:
    template<class ForwardIterator1, class ForwardIterator2>
        ForwardIterator2 swap_ranges(ForwardIterator1 first1,
                                     ForwardIterator1 last1, ForwardIterator2 first2);
    template<class ForwardIterator1, class ForwardIterator2>
        void iter_swap(ForwardIterator1 a, ForwardIterator2 b);
    template<class InputIterator, class OutputIterator, class UnaryOperation>
        OutputIterator transform(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
                                 OutputIterator result, UnaryOperation op);
 
    template<class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator,
             class BinaryOperation>
        OutputIterator transform(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
                                 InputIterator2 first2, OutputIterator result,
                                 BinaryOperation binary_op);
 
    template<class ForwardIterator, class T>
        void replace(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last,
                     const T& old_value, const T& new_value);
    template<class ForwardIterator, class Predicate, class T>
        void replace_if(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last,
                        Predicate pred, const T& new_value);
    template<class InputIterator, class OutputIterator, class T>
        OutputIterator replace_copy(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
                                    OutputIterator result,
                                    const T& old_value, const T& new_value);
    template<class InputIterator, class OutputIterator, class Predicate, class T>
        OutputIterator replace_copy_if(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
                                       OutputIterator result,
                                       Predicate pred, const T& new_value);
 
    template<class ForwardIterator, class T>
        void fill(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, const T& value);
    template<class OutputIterator, class Size, class T>
        OutputIterator fill_n(OutputIterator first, Size n, const T& value);
    template<class ForwardIterator, class Generator>
        void generate(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last,
                      Generator gen);
    template<class OutputIterator, class Size, class Generator>
        OutputIterator generate_n(OutputIterator first, Size n, Generator gen);
 
    template<class ForwardIterator, class T>
        ForwardIterator remove(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last,
                               const T& value);
    template<class ForwardIterator, class Predicate>
        ForwardIterator remove_if(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last,
                                  Predicate pred);
    template<class InputIterator, class OutputIterator, class T>
        OutputIterator remove_copy(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
                                   OutputIterator result, const T& value);
    template<class InputIterator, class OutputIterator, class Predicate>
        OutputIterator remove_copy_if(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
                                      OutputIterator result, Predicate pred);
 
    template<class ForwardIterator>
        ForwardIterator unique(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last);
    template<class ForwardIterator, class BinaryPredicate>
        ForwardIterator unique(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last,
                               BinaryPredicate pred);
    template<class InputIterator, class OutputIterator>
        OutputIterator unique_copy(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
                                   OutputIterator result);
    template<class InputIterator, class OutputIterator, class BinaryPredicate>
        OutputIterator unique_copy(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
                                   OutputIterator result, BinaryPredicate pred);
 
    template<class BidirectionalIterator>
        void reverse(BidirectionalIterator first, BidirectionalIterator last);
    template<class BidirectionalIterator, class OutputIterator>
        OutputIterator reverse_copy(BidirectionalIterator first,
                                    BidirectionalIterator last,
                                    OutputIterator result);
 
    template<class ForwardIterator>
        ForwardIterator rotate(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator middle,
                               ForwardIterator last);
    template<class ForwardIterator, class OutputIterator>
        OutputIterator rotate_copy(
            ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator middle,
            ForwardIterator last, OutputIterator result);
 
    template<class RandomAccessIterator>
        void random_shuffle(RandomAccessIterator first,
                            RandomAccessIterator last);
    template<class RandomAccessIterator, class RandomNumberGenerator>
        void random_shuffle(RandomAccessIterator first,
                            RandomAccessIterator last,
                            RandomNumberGenerator&& rand);
    template<class RandomAccessIterator, class UniformRandomNumberGenerator>
        void shuffle(RandomAccessIterator first,
                     RandomAccessIterator last,
                     UniformRandomNumberGenerator&& rand);
 
    // partitions:
    template <class InputIterator, class Predicate>
        bool is_partitioned(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, Predicate pred);
 
    template<class ForwardIterator, class Predicate>
        ForwardIterator partition(ForwardIterator first,
                                  ForwardIterator last,
                                  Predicate pred);
 
    template<class BidirectionalIterator, class Predicate>
        BidirectionalIterator stable_partition(BidirectionalIterator first,
                                               BidirectionalIterator last,
                                               Predicate pred);
 
    template <class InputIterator, class OutputIterator1,
              class OutputIterator2, class Predicate>
        pair<OutputIterator1, OutputIterator2>
        partition_copy(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
                       OutputIterator1 out_true, OutputIterator2 out_false,
                       Predicate pred);
 
    template<class ForwardIterator, class Predicate>
        ForwardIterator partition_point(ForwardIterator first,
                                        ForwardIterator last,
                                        Predicate pred);
 
    // sorting and related operations:
 
    // sorting:
    template<class RandomAccessIterator>
        void sort(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last);
    template<class RandomAccessIterator, class Compare>
        void sort(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last,
                  Compare comp);
 
    template<class RandomAccessIterator>
        void stable_sort(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last);
    template<class RandomAccessIterator, class Compare>
        void stable_sort(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last,
                         Compare comp);
 
    template<class RandomAccessIterator>
        void partial_sort(RandomAccessIterator first,
                          RandomAccessIterator middle,
                          RandomAccessIterator last);
    template<class RandomAccessIterator, class Compare>
        void partial_sort(RandomAccessIterator first,
                          RandomAccessIterator middle,
                          RandomAccessIterator last, Compare comp);
    template<class InputIterator, class RandomAccessIterator>
        RandomAccessIterator partial_sort_copy(
            InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
            RandomAccessIterator result_first,
            RandomAccessIterator result_last);
    template<class InputIterator, class RandomAccessIterator, class Compare>
        RandomAccessIterator partial_sort_copy(
            InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
            RandomAccessIterator result_first,
            RandomAccessIterator result_last,
            Compare comp);
 
    template<class ForwardIterator>
        bool is_sorted(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last);
    template<class ForwardIterator, class Compare>
        bool is_sorted(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last,
                       Compare comp);
    template<class ForwardIterator>
        ForwardIterator is_sorted_until(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last);
    template<class ForwardIterator, class Compare>
        ForwardIterator is_sorted_until(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last,
                                        Compare comp);
 
    template<class RandomAccessIterator>
        void nth_element(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator nth,
                         RandomAccessIterator last);
    template<class RandomAccessIterator, class Compare>
        void nth_element(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator nth,
                         RandomAccessIterator last, Compare comp);
    // binary search:
    template<class ForwardIterator, class T>
        ForwardIterator lower_bound(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last,
                                    const T& value);
    template<class ForwardIterator, class T, class Compare>
        ForwardIterator lower_bound(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last,
                                    const T& value, Compare comp);
 
    template<class ForwardIterator, class T>
        ForwardIterator upper_bound(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last,
                                    const T& value);
    template<class ForwardIterator, class T, class Compare>
        ForwardIterator upper_bound(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last,
                                    const T& value, Compare comp);
 
    template<class ForwardIterator, class T>
        pair<ForwardIterator, ForwardIterator>
        equal_range(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last,
                    const T& value);
    template<class ForwardIterator, class T, class Compare>
        pair<ForwardIterator, ForwardIterator>
        equal_range(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last,
                    const T& value, Compare comp);
 
    template<class ForwardIterator, class T>
        bool binary_search(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last,
                           const T& value);
    template<class ForwardIterator, class T, class Compare>
        bool binary_search(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last,
                           const T& value, Compare comp);
 
    // merge:
    template<class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator>
        OutputIterator merge(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
                             InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2,
                             OutputIterator result);
    template<class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator,
            class Compare>
        OutputIterator merge(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
                             InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2,
                             OutputIterator result, Compare comp);
 
    template<class BidirectionalIterator>
        void inplace_merge(BidirectionalIterator first,
                           BidirectionalIterator middle,
                           BidirectionalIterator last);
    template<class BidirectionalIterator, class Compare>
        void inplace_merge(BidirectionalIterator first,
                           BidirectionalIterator middle,
                           BidirectionalIterator last, Compare comp);
 
    // set operations:
    template<class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2>
        bool includes(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
                      InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2);
    template<class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class Compare>
        bool includes(
            InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
            InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2, Compare comp);
 
    template<class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator>
        OutputIterator set_union(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
                                 InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2,
                                 OutputIterator result);
    template<class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator,
             class Compare>
        OutputIterator set_union(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
                                 InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2,
                                 OutputIterator result, Compare comp);
 
    template<class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator>
        OutputIterator set_intersection(
            InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
            InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2,
            OutputIterator result);
    template<class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator,
             class Compare>
        OutputIterator set_intersection(
            InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
            InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2,
            OutputIterator result, Compare comp);
 
    template<class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator>
        OutputIterator set_difference(
            InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
            InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2,
            OutputIterator result);
    template<class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator,
             class Compare>
        OutputIterator set_difference(
            InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
            InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2,
            OutputIterator result, Compare comp);
 
    template<class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator>
        OutputIterator set_symmetric_difference(
            InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
            InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2,
            OutputIterator result);
    template<class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator,
             class Compare>
        OutputIterator set_symmetric_difference(
            InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
            InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2,
            OutputIterator result, Compare comp);
 
    // heap operations:
    template<class RandomAccessIterator>
        void push_heap(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last);
    template<class RandomAccessIterator, class Compare>
        void push_heap(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last,
                       Compare comp);
    template<class RandomAccessIterator>
        void pop_heap(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last);
    template<class RandomAccessIterator, class Compare>
        void pop_heap(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last,
                      Compare comp);
 
    template<class RandomAccessIterator>
        void make_heap(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last);
    template<class RandomAccessIterator, class Compare>
        void make_heap(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last,
                       Compare comp);
 
    template<class RandomAccessIterator>
        void sort_heap(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last);
    template<class RandomAccessIterator, class Compare>
        void sort_heap(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last,
                       Compare comp);
 
    template<class RandomAccessIterator>
        bool is_heap(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last);
    template<class RandomAccessIterator, class Compare>
        bool is_heap(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last, Compare comp);
    template<class RandomAccessIterator>
        RandomAccessIterator 
            is_heap_until(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last);
    template<class RandomAccessIterator, class Compare>
        RandomAccessIterator 
            is_heap_until(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last,
                                           Compare comp);
    // minimum and maximum:
    template<class T> const T& min(const T& a, const T& b);
    template<class T, class Compare>
        const T& min(const T& a, const T& b, Compare comp);
    template<class T>
        T min(initializer_list<T> t);
    template<class T, class Compare>
        T min(initializer_list<T> t, Compare comp);
 
    template<class T> const T& max(const T& a, const T& b);
    template<class T, class Compare>
        const T& max(const T& a, const T& b, Compare comp);
    template<class T>
        T max(initializer_list<T> t);
    template<class T, class Compare>
        T max(initializer_list<T> t, Compare comp);
 
    template<class T> pair<const T&, const T&> minmax(const T& a, const T& b);
    template<class T, class Compare>
        pair<const T&, const T&> minmax(const T& a, const T& b, Compare comp);
    template<class T>
        pair<T, T> minmax(initializer_list<T> t);
    template<class T, class Compare>
        pair<T, T> minmax(initializer_list<T> t, Compare comp);
 
    template<class ForwardIterator>
        ForwardIterator min_element(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last);
    template<class ForwardIterator, class Compare>
        ForwardIterator min_element(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last,
                                    Compare comp);
 
    template<class ForwardIterator>
        ForwardIterator max_element(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last);
    template<class ForwardIterator, class Compare>
        ForwardIterator max_element(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last,
                                    Compare comp);
 
    template<class ForwardIterator>
        pair<ForwardIterator, ForwardIterator>
        minmax_element(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last);
    template<class ForwardIterator, class Compare>
        pair<ForwardIterator, ForwardIterator>
        minmax_element(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, Compare comp);
 
    template<class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2>
        bool lexicographical_compare(
            InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
            InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2);
    template<class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class Compare>
        bool lexicographical_compare(
            InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
            InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2,
            Compare comp);
 
    // permutations:
    template<class BidirectionalIterator>
        bool next_permutation(BidirectionalIterator first,
                              BidirectionalIterator last);
    template<class BidirectionalIterator, class Compare>
        bool next_permutation(BidirectionalIterator first,
                              BidirectionalIterator last, Compare comp);
 
    template<class BidirectionalIterator>
        bool prev_permutation(BidirectionalIterator first,
                              BidirectionalIterator last);
    template<class BidirectionalIterator, class Compare>
        bool prev_permutation(BidirectionalIterator first,
                              BidirectionalIterator last, Compare comp);
}