Python运行时服务

本章里描述的模块提供了和Python解释器及其环境交互相关的广泛服务。以下是综述：

• sys --- 系统相关的参数和函数
• sysconfig --- Provide access to Python's configuration information
  • 配置变量
  • 安装路径
  • 其他功能
  • Using sysconfig as a script
• builtins --- 内建对象
• __main__ --- 顶层脚本环境
• warnings --- Warning control
  • 警告类别
  • The Warnings Filter
    • Describing Warning Filters
    • 默认警告过滤器
    • Overriding the default filter
  • 暂时禁止警告
  • 测试警告
  • Updating Code For New Versions of Dependencies
  • Available Functions
  • Available Context Managers
• dataclasses --- 数据类
  • 模块级装饰器、类和函数
  • 初始化后处理
  • 类变量
  • 仅初始化变量
  • 冻结的实例
  • 继承
  • 默认工厂函数
  • 可变的默认值
  • 异常
• contextlib --- Utilities for with-statement contexts
  • 工具
  • 例子和配方
    • Supporting a variable number of context managers
    • Catching exceptions from __enter__ methods
    • Cleaning up in an __enter__ implementation
    • Replacing any use of try-finally and flag variables
    • Using a context manager as a function decorator
  • Single use, reusable and reentrant context managers
    • Reentrant context managers
    • Reusable context managers
• abc --- 抽象基类
• atexit --- 退出处理器
  • atexit 示例
• traceback --- 打印或检索堆栈回溯
  • TracebackException Objects
  • StackSummary Objects
  • FrameSummary Objects
  • Traceback Examples
• __future__ --- Future 语句定义
• gc --- 垃圾回收器接口
• inspect --- 检查对象
  • 类型和成员
  • Retrieving source code
  • Introspecting callables with the Signature object
  • 类与函数
  • The interpreter stack
  • Fetching attributes statically
  • Current State of Generators and Coroutines
  • Code Objects Bit Flags
  • 命令行界面
• site —— 指定域的配置钩子
  • Readline configuration
  • 模块内容
  • 命令行界面