25. 开发工具

本章中描述的各模块可帮你编写 Python 程序。例如，pydoc 模块接受一个模块并根据该模块的内容来生成文档。doctest 和 unittest 这两个模块包含了用于编写单元测试的框架，并可用于自动测试所编写的代码，验证预期的输出是否产生。2to3 程序能够将 Python 2.x 源代码翻译成有效的 Python 3.x 源代码。

本章中描述的模块列表是：

• 25.1. pydoc — Documentation generator and online help system
• 25.2. doctest — Test interactive Python examples
  • 25.2.1. Simple Usage: Checking Examples in Docstrings
  • 25.2.2. Simple Usage: Checking Examples in a Text File
  • 25.2.3. How It Works
    • 25.2.3.1. Which Docstrings Are Examined?
    • 25.2.3.2. How are Docstring Examples Recognized?
    • 25.2.3.3. What’s the Execution Context?
    • 25.2.3.4. What About Exceptions?
    • 25.2.3.5. Option Flags
    • 25.2.3.6. Directives
    • 25.2.3.7. 警告
  • 25.2.4. Basic API
  • 25.2.5. Unittest API
  • 25.2.6. Advanced API
    • 25.2.6.1. DocTest Objects
    • 25.2.6.2. Example Objects
    • 25.2.6.3. DocTestFinder objects
    • 25.2.6.4. DocTestParser objects
    • 25.2.6.5. DocTestRunner objects
    • 25.2.6.6. OutputChecker objects
  • 25.2.7. 调试
  • 25.2.8. Soapbox
• 25.3. unittest — 单元测试框架
  • 25.3.1. 基本实例
  • 25.3.2. 命令行界面
    • 25.3.2.1. Command-line options
  • 25.3.3. Test Discovery
  • 25.3.4. Organizing test code
  • 25.3.5. Re-using old test code
  • 25.3.6. Skipping tests and expected failures
  • 25.3.7. Classes and functions
    • 25.3.7.1. Test cases
      • 25.3.7.1.1. Deprecated aliases
    • 25.3.7.2. Grouping tests
    • 25.3.7.3. Loading and running tests
      • 25.3.7.3.1. load_tests Protocol
  • 25.3.8. Class and Module Fixtures
    • 25.3.8.1. setUpClass and tearDownClass
    • 25.3.8.2. setUpModule and tearDownModule
  • 25.3.9. Signal Handling
• 25.4. 2to3 - 自动将 Python 2 代码转为 Python 3 代码
  • 25.4.1. 使用 2to3
  • 25.4.2. 修复器
  • 25.4.3. lib2to3 —— 2to3 支持库
• 25.5. test — Regression tests package for Python
  • 25.5.1. Writing Unit Tests for the test package
  • 25.5.2. Running tests using the command-line interface
• 25.6. test.support — Utility functions for tests